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USS Wainwright (CG 28)

USS WAINWRIGHT was the third ship in the BELKNAP-class of guided missile cruisers and also the third ship in the Navy to bear the name. The ship honored five members of the Wainwright family who had served as naval officers during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. After decommissioning, WAINWRIGHT was berthed at the Naval Inactive Ship Maintenance Facility (NISMF), Philadelphia, PA., until she was sunk as a target during a missile exercise in the Atlantic Ocean on June 12, 2002. US warships participating in the joint US and British exercise were USS SAN JACINTO (CG 56), USS MITSCHER (DDG 57), USS BRISCOE (DD 977) and USS HAWES (FFG 53).

WAINWRIGHT was last homeported in Charleston, SC.

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Crew List:

This section contains the names of sailors who served aboard USS WAINWRIGHT. It is no official listing but contains the names of sailors who submitted their information.

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• Click here to see which USS WAINWRIGHT memorabilia are currently for sale on ebay.

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USS WAINWRIGHT Cruise Books:

• WestPac Cruise Book 1968-69
• World Cruise Book 1970-71
• Mediterranean Cruise Book 1972-73

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USS WAINWRIGHT's Commanding Officers:

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Accidents aboard USS WAINWRIGHT:

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History of USS WAINWRIGHT:

USS WAINWRIGHT's construction was authorized during fiscal year 1961, and her keel was laid at Bath Iron Works in Bath, Maine, on July 2, 1962. She was launched on April 25, 1965, sponsored by Mrs. Richard W. Wainwright, and commissioned at Boston Naval Shipyard, Massachusetts, on January 8, 1966, with Captain Robert P. Foreman in command. Following commissioning, WAINWRIGHT remained at Boston Naval Shipyard for fitting-out work, equipment testing, and preparations for operational service. These activities continued through the spring of 1966. On May 21, 1966, WAINWRIGHT departed Boston to begin testing her long-range sonar equipment before proceeding to Charleston, South Carolina, which became her homeport.

During June, July, and early August, WAINWRIGHT operated along the eastern seaboard and in the Caribbean. Her activities included engineering evaluations, communications exercises, antisubmarine warfare training, and six successful missile firings on the Atlantic Fleet Weapons Range. During one three-day operation, WAINWRIGHT investigated an unidentified submarine contact. Although the submarine was not positively identified, the ship maintained sonar contact for an extended period and collected information on the performance of her newly installed equipment. On August 13, 1966, WAINWRIGHT returned to Charleston for a sixteen-day maintenance period in preparation for shakedown training.

The shakedown cruise began on August 28 and included operations in the Caribbean. Following completion of the principal training program, WAINWRIGHT proceeded to Culebra Island, Puerto Rico, for naval gunfire and Terrier missile exercises. During September, Captain George E. Lockee relieved Captain Foreman as commanding officer. WAINWRIGHT returned to Charleston in October and continued training and preparations for participation in the Atlantic Fleet's annual exercises.

On November 28, 1966, she departed Charleston for seventeen days of fleet exercises involving underway replenishment, weapons coordination, formation maneuvering, and tactical training. The cruiser returned to Charleston on December 16 and remained in port during the remainder of the year. On January 6, 1967, WAINWRIGHT departed Charleston for Boston Naval Shipyard, where she underwent a post-shakedown availability. Repairs and modifications were made to correct deficiencies identified during her initial operational evaluations. The availability was completed in March, and WAINWRIGHT departed Boston on March 16 for Charleston. Following local operations and final deployment preparations, she departed Charleston on April 10 for her first Western Pacific deployment.

WAINWRIGHT transited the Panama Canal on April 17 and arrived at San Diego, California, on April 23. During the following weeks, she conducted exercises and additional training in Southern California waters. On May 16, 1967, WAINWRIGHT departed San Diego for the western Pacific. Following brief stops at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Guam, she arrived at Subic Bay, Philippines, on June 3. Three days later, WAINWRIGHT proceeded into the Gulf of Tonkin and began preparations for her first combat assignment during the Vietnam War. On June 8, 1967, WAINWRIGHT relieved the nuclear-powered guided-missile cruiser USS LONG BEACH (CGN 9) as the Positive Identification Radar Advisory Zone (PIRAZ) ship. The PIRAZ mission required the ship to maintain continuous radar surveillance of aircraft operating over the Gulf of Tonkin and nearby North Vietnamese territory. Her combat information center compiled information from radar and communications sources, assisted with the identification of friendly and potentially hostile aircraft, and provided tactical directions to American fighters.

WAINWRIGHT also served as a navigation and coordination reference for aircraft operating in the Gulf of Tonkin. Her position and surveillance capabilities allowed carrier aircraft to receive information about their locations relative to assigned targets and other aircraft. The ship's aviation facilities supported helicopters assigned to search-and-rescue operations. These aircraft remained available to recover American pilots forced down at sea or near the North Vietnamese coastline.

During the first operational period, a search-and-rescue helicopter crashed in the vicinity of WAINWRIGHT's flight deck. The damage to the ship was limited, and normal aviation operations resumed the following day. Following completion of her first PIRAZ assignment, WAINWRIGHT proceeded to Sasebo, Japan, for approximately three weeks of maintenance and crew rest. The ship subsequently conducted Terrier missile exercises near Okinawa before returning to Vietnamese waters.

On August 12, 1967, WAINWRIGHT resumed PIRAZ duties in the Gulf of Tonkin. During the following twenty-seven days, she maintained air surveillance and coordinated with American carrier and shore-based aircraft. On September 8, WAINWRIGHT completed the operational period and departed for Hong Kong, where she remained for five days. She departed Hong Kong on September 15 and returned to the Gulf of Tonkin for her third and final operational period of the deployment.

During this assignment, WAINWRIGHT served as screen commander for two aircraft carriers operating at Yankee Station and as antiair warfare command ship for Task Force 77. These responsibilities required the coordination of surveillance information and air-defense arrangements among the ships and aircraft assigned to the carrier force. On September 28, 1967, WAINWRIGHT completed her final Vietnam combat assignment and began the return voyage to the United States. The journey included visits to Subic Bay; Sydney, Australia; Wellington, New Zealand; and Papeete, Tahiti. After crossing the Pacific and returning through the Panama Canal on November 12, WAINWRIGHT arrived at Charleston on November 16, 1967, completing her first Western Pacific deployment.

Following post-deployment maintenance and leave, the ship resumed local operations from Charleston. On January 19, 1968, WAINWRIGHT departed Charleston for Newport, Rhode Island, where she served as a training ship for the Naval Destroyer School from January 21 through February 3. She returned to Charleston on February 5 and subsequently participated in exercises along the Atlantic coast and in the Caribbean, including Exercise Rugby Match. On April 4, 1968, Captain I. A. Johnson relieved Captain Lockee as commanding officer. During the following months, WAINWRIGHT completed preparations for another Western Pacific deployment. Her activities included missile-system evaluations, engineering inspections, and refresher training.

On June 24, 1968, WAINWRIGHT departed Charleston for her second Vietnam deployment. She transited the Panama Canal on June 29, visited Pearl Harbor from July 11 through 15, and made a brief stop at Guam on July 21. WAINWRIGHT arrived at Subic Bay on July 26 and departed four days later for Vietnamese waters. Following operational briefings at Da Nang on August 2, she proceeded north into the Gulf of Tonkin. On August 4, 1968, WAINWRIGHT relieved the guided-missile frigate USS STERETT (DLG 31) as PIRAZ ship. The assignment continued for forty-one days. During this period, WAINWRIGHT maintained continuous air surveillance, communicated with American aircraft, and coordinated defensive arrangements for naval forces operating in the northern Gulf of Tonkin. The ship temporarily departed her assigned station to avoid an approaching typhoon but returned after the storm had passed.

On September 14, WAINWRIGHT transferred PIRAZ duties back to USS STERETT and proceeded to Subic Bay for maintenance. The subsequent port schedule included visits to Hong Kong and Yokosuka, Japan. On October 13, 1968, WAINWRIGHT departed Yokosuka and proceeded directly to the PIRAZ station, where she again relieved USS STERETT. During the following operational period, WAINWRIGHT continued radar surveillance and coordination of air activity over the northern Gulf of Tonkin. She completed the assignment in November and departed Vietnamese waters on November 16 for Sasebo, arriving on November 19.

After four days of maintenance and crew rest, WAINWRIGHT returned to sea on November 23 and resumed PIRAZ duties on November 28. The cruiser remained on station through the end of December, continuing the surveillance and aircraft-control responsibilities associated with her assignment. WAINWRIGHT completed her third and final PIRAZ period of the deployment during the opening days of January 1969. She departed Vietnamese waters and arrived at Subic Bay on January 5, remaining there until January 9. The subsequent return voyage included visits to Sydney, Australia; Auckland, New Zealand; and Papeete, Tahiti. WAINWRIGHT transited the Panama Canal on February 11 and visited St. Thomas in the U.S. Virgin Islands beginning February 15. She returned to Charleston on February 21, 1969, completing her second Western Pacific deployment.

After approximately one month of post-deployment leave and maintenance, WAINWRIGHT resumed training and underwent a series of operational inspections. During May 1969, she proceeded to Norfolk, Virginia, to participate in a Presidential Seapower Demonstration conducted in the Virginia Capes operating area. Following completion of the demonstration on May 19, WAINWRIGHT participated in Exercise Exotic Dancer before continuing to the Caribbean. During the first two weeks of June, she joined the NATO antisubmarine warfare exercise Spark Plug. The exercise involved ships from the United States, Canada, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Portugal. The multinational training program included submarine detection and tracking, communications, and coordinated tactical operations among ships employing different national equipment and procedures. Exercise Spark Plug ended on June 11, and WAINWRIGHT proceeded to Newport, Rhode Island, where Commander, Cruiser-Destroyer Flotilla Two, disembarked. She returned to Charleston on June 16 and remained largely in port during the following two months.

On August 18, 1969, WAINWRIGHT entered Charleston Naval Shipyard for her first regular overhaul. The overhaul included extensive maintenance of the propulsion plant, engineering equipment, hull, weapons, and electronic systems. Repairs and modifications were intended to restore the ship's material condition after two demanding Western Pacific deployments. On September 10, Captain P. H. Vining relieved Captain Johnson as commanding officer. The overhaul continued through the remainder of 1969 and the opening weeks of 1970. On February 16, 1970, WAINWRIGHT returned to operational status and resumed sea trials and training.

During February and March, she operated off Florida and the Virginia Capes before proceeding to the Atlantic Fleet Weapons Range for naval gunfire and missile exercises. Refresher training at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, followed in April. On April 26, 1970, WAINWRIGHT received orders to intercept three Haitian Coast Guard vessels that had departed Haiti following an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the government. The ship encountered one of the vessels near the entrance to Guantanamo Bay. After observing that the vessel was being peacefully received by American port authorities, WAINWRIGHT continued searching for the other two. The remaining vessels were subsequently located and escorted to Guantanamo Bay, where their crews received temporary asylum. WAINWRIGHT then resumed refresher training until another special assignment interrupted the schedule.

On May 10, 1970, she was ordered to intercept and monitor a Soviet naval formation operating near Cuba. That evening, WAINWRIGHT established contact with a Soviet guided-missile cruiser and guided-missile destroyer. On the following day, two Soviet submarines, an oiler, and a submarine tender joined the formation. WAINWRIGHT maintained surveillance as the six Soviet naval vessels proceeded toward Cienfuegos, Cuba, where they entered port on May 14. The operation took place during a period of increased American concern about Soviet naval access to Cuban ports and support facilities. WAINWRIGHT returned to Guantanamo Bay on May 15 and resumed training.

On June 12, 1970, she arrived at Charleston for approximately two months of maintenance and preparations for another overseas deployment. On August 25, 1970, WAINWRIGHT departed Charleston for her third and final major Western Pacific deployment associated with the Vietnam War. She transited the Panama Canal and crossed the Pacific by way of Pearl Harbor, arriving at Yokosuka, Japan, on September 21. During the following weeks, WAINWRIGHT conducted operations in Japanese waters, including bilateral antisubmarine warfare exercises with units of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force in the Sea of Japan. These activities were interrupted by visits to Yokosuka and Sasebo for maintenance, supplies, and crew rest.

On November 14, 1970, WAINWRIGHT departed Japan and proceeded through the Taiwan Strait toward the Gulf of Tonkin. On November 20, she relieved the guided-missile frigate USS JOUETT (DLG 29) as PIRAZ ship. The assignment was brief. On the following day, the guided-missile cruiser USS CHICAGO (CG 11) relieved WAINWRIGHT, allowing her to assume search-and-rescue coordination duties.

During the next several weeks, WAINWRIGHT alternated between the northern and southern search-and-rescue stations in the Gulf of Tonkin. The ship maintained surveillance of air activity and communications with American aircraft while remaining prepared to assist in the recovery of aircrews forced down at sea. During December, WAINWRIGHT participated in Operation Beacon Tower, a three-day exercise testing the response of American naval units to simulated air and surface attacks. On December 16, 1970, WAINWRIGHT completed the operational period and departed Vietnamese waters for Singapore.

She arrived on December 19 and remained until December 26 before continuing to Subic Bay, where she arrived on December 29. WAINWRIGHT departed Subic Bay on January 4, 1971, for Hong Kong but returned briefly to the Philippines to repair a radar antenna. Following completion of the repairs, she arrived at Hong Kong on January 11 and remained for four days. The cruiser subsequently returned to the Gulf of Tonkin for a final sixteen-day operational period, during which she alternated between PIRAZ and northern search-and-rescue assignments. After completing her final Vietnam duties, WAINWRIGHT proceeded to Subic Bay for a two-day port visit before beginning an extended return voyage.

Instead of returning directly across the Pacific, WAINWRIGHT proceeded westward through the Indian Ocean, rounded the Cape of Good Hope, and crossed the South Atlantic, completing her first circumnavigation of the globe. The initial port visits on this part of the journey included Djibouti, then part of the French Territory of the Afars and Issas, and Massawa, Ethiopia. At Massawa, WAINWRIGHT participated in ceremonies associated with Ethiopian Navy Day and the graduation of midshipmen from the Ethiopian Naval Academy. During the visit, Emperor Haile Selassie I came aboard WAINWRIGHT as part of the official activities. The ship subsequently visited Diego-Suarez, Madagascar, and Lourenco Marques, Mozambique, before rounding the southern end of Africa. After entering the Atlantic, WAINWRIGHT visited Rio de Janeiro and Recife, Brazil. She continued northward through the Caribbean, calling at St. Thomas in the U.S. Virgin Islands before conducting naval gunfire support training and missile exercises near Culebra Island, Puerto Rico. On April 2, 1971, WAINWRIGHT returned to Charleston, completing her third Western Pacific deployment and the circumnavigation.

Following a post-deployment standdown of approximately fifty-nine days, the ship resumed Atlantic Fleet operations during June. Training in the Caribbean included gunnery and missile exercises. WAINWRIGHT returned to Charleston on June 19. On June 23, 1971, work began on the installation of equipment for the Light Airborne Multi-Purpose System, or LAMPS. The program involved the integration of shipboard aviation facilities, communications, and equipment required to operate a helicopter assigned to antisubmarine warfare and related missions. The modifications were completed during July. WAINWRIGHT subsequently conducted several months of trials and exercises associated with the initial evaluation of the LAMPS system. On July 2, Captain R. W. Watkins relieved Captain Vining as commanding officer.

Later in 1971, WAINWRIGHT underwent a tender availability followed by a conversion of her propulsion plant to burn Navy Distillate Fuel. The conversion was completed on January 11, 1972. Following completion of the engineering work, WAINWRIGHT resumed sea trials and returned to operational training on January 24. During the following nine months, the cruiser conducted LAMPS evaluations, port visits, inspections, and Atlantic Fleet exercises. These operations took WAINWRIGHT from the Gulf Coast of the United States to Caribbean waters and northward along the Atlantic seaboard as far as Maine. During the autumn, preparations began for her first Mediterranean deployment. On November 30, 1972, Captain W. D. Robertson relieved Captain Watkins as commanding officer.

On December 1, 1972, WAINWRIGHT departed Charleston for the Mediterranean. The ship arrived at Rota, Spain, on December 10 and transferred to the operational control of the U.S. Sixth Fleet. On the following day, WAINWRIGHT departed Rota and entered the Mediterranean, conducting antisubmarine and antiair warfare exercises during the passage. She visited Barcelona, Spain, from December 20 through 26 and arrived at Naples, Italy, on December 30. WAINWRIGHT departed Naples on January 6, 1973, and proceeded into the Ionian Sea for antisubmarine warfare exercises. During these operations, WAINWRIGHT detected, tracked, and positively identified four Soviet submarines despite attempts by the submarines to evade detection. The encounters took place during a period of substantial Soviet naval activity in the Mediterranean, where American and Soviet surface ships and submarines regularly monitored one another.

After completing the exercises, WAINWRIGHT proceeded to Marseille, France, arriving on January 17 for a two-day visit. Further antiair warfare training was followed by visits to Palma de Mallorca and Malaga, Spain, and Genoa, Italy. On February 17, 1973, WAINWRIGHT departed Genoa in company with the Italian helicopter cruiser VITTORIO VENETO to participate in Exercise National Week XV. The multinational exercise involved American, Italian, Greek, and Turkish naval forces operating across the central Mediterranean. Training included antisubmarine warfare, antiair warfare, communications, tactical maneuvering, and coordinated operations involving surface ships and aircraft.

Following completion of National Week XV, WAINWRIGHT continued Sixth Fleet exercises and port visits. Additional destinations included Athens, Greece; Civitavecchia and Livorno, Italy; and Golfe-Juan, France. On June 17, 1973, WAINWRIGHT departed Palma de Mallorca and passed through the Strait of Gibraltar toward Rota, Spain. On June 21, she transferred her Sixth Fleet duties to the guided-missile frigate USS BELKNAP (DLG 26). Rather than returning directly to Charleston, WAINWRIGHT proceeded to Lisbon, Portugal, where she joined the amphibious assault ship USS GUAM (LPH 9) and the ocean escort USS BOWEN (DE 1079). The three ships prepared for a transatlantic exercise intended to evaluate the Navy's Sea Control Ship concept. The concept involved operating helicopters and short-takeoff or vertical-landing aircraft from a relatively small aviation ship to provide antisubmarine and other defensive capabilities over maritime areas.

The formation departed Lisbon on June 28 and conducted the exercise through July 8, 1973. During the exercise, WAINWRIGHT provided radar surveillance and tactical direction for Harrier aircraft operating from USS GUAM. WAINWRIGHT directed the Harriers during interceptions of two Soviet Tu-95 Bear reconnaissance aircraft that approached the formation. The exercise also tested the coordination of surface ships, helicopters, and fixed-wing aircraft operating from a relatively small aviation platform. Near the end of the exercise, WAINWRIGHT briefly crossed the Arctic Circle before proceeding toward the United States. The cruiser returned to Charleston on July 20, 1973, completing her first Mediterranean deployment.

Following post-deployment maintenance and leave, WAINWRIGHT prepared for another major overhaul. On September 10, 1973, she entered Charleston Naval Shipyard. The overhaul involved extensive repairs and maintenance to the propulsion plant, electronic systems, weapons, hull, and auxiliary equipment. From June 10 through 14, 1974, WAINWRIGHT conducted sea trials as the final phase of the overhaul. On June 20, she formally returned to Atlantic Fleet operational status at Charleston Naval Station. On July 1, 1974, Captain E. B. Ackerman relieved Captain Robertson as commanding officer.

During the remainder of 1974, WAINWRIGHT conducted refresher training, inspections, missile exercises, operational evaluations, and routine Atlantic Fleet operations along the southeastern United States coast and in the Caribbean. During January 1975, WAINWRIGHT underwent additional dry-dock work at Norfolk Naval Shipyard involving repairs to her sonar dome. She returned to Charleston on February 1 and resumed preparations for her next Mediterranean deployment.

On March 5, 1975, WAINWRIGHT departed Charleston for Europe. During the Atlantic crossing, she operated with the aircraft carrier USS FORRESTAL (CVA 59) and the nuclear-powered attack submarine USS TUNNY (SSN 682). The exercises involved antisubmarine warfare, surface warfare, and air-defense training. WAINWRIGHT arrived at Rota on March 15 and transferred to Sixth Fleet operational control. She departed Rota on March 17, entered the Mediterranean, and arrived at Naples on March 22.

During the following weeks, WAINWRIGHT participated in exercises and port visits throughout the Mediterranean. Her duties included surveillance, antiair warfare, antisubmarine operations, and training with American and allied naval forces. In April 1975, a planned missile-firing exercise was interrupted by the presence of a Soviet destroyer monitoring the American operation. The firing was postponed until the following day. During June, WAINWRIGHT undertook an unusual diplomatic and naval assignment involving a visit to Romania. The ship transited the Dardanelles and Bosporus into the Black Sea and proceeded to Constanta, Romania. The visit was the first by an American warship to Romania in forty-nine years.

At the time, Romania remained a member of the Warsaw Pact but pursued a foreign policy that differed in certain respects from that of the Soviet Union. The American naval visit formed part of contacts between Washington and Bucharest during the Cold War. WAINWRIGHT completed the visit on June 24 and departed the Black Sea through the Turkish Straits on June 25. After returning to the Mediterranean, the ship conducted a brief surveillance assignment involving the Soviet helicopter cruiser LENINGRAD.

On June 30, 1975, WAINWRIGHT was redesignated CG 28 as part of the Navy's fleetwide reclassification of major surface combatants. The administrative change replaced her original designation as a guided-missile frigate, DLG 28, with that of guided-missile cruiser. WAINWRIGHT continued operating with the Sixth Fleet through the summer of 1975, participating in exercises, surveillance assignments, and port visits.

On August 22, she made a brief stop at Rota before departing for the United States. The cruiser returned to Charleston on August 31, completing her second Mediterranean deployment. During the remainder of 1975, WAINWRIGHT conducted maintenance, inspections, and Atlantic Fleet training.

The opening months of 1976 were devoted to further exercises and operational readiness evaluations. On June 30, 1976, WAINWRIGHT departed Charleston for New York City to participate in major celebrations marking the bicentennial of American independence. The events included the International Naval Review and Operation Sail 1976, which brought together warships and sailing vessels from numerous countries. WAINWRIGHT served as flagship for the naval review and as reviewing ship for Operation Sail. During the celebrations, visitors aboard the cruiser included Vice President Nelson A. Rockefeller, Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, Chief of Naval Operations Admiral James L. Holloway III, and Admiral Isaac C. Kidd Jr., Commander in Chief of the Atlantic Fleet. The activities culminated on July 4, 1976, when the assembled vessels participated in the national bicentennial ceremonies. On July 6, WAINWRIGHT departed New York and returned toward Charleston.

During the following months, the cruiser resumed Atlantic Fleet training, special operations, inspections, and equipment evaluations. On July 13, Captain R. C. Berry relieved Captain Ackerman as commanding officer. During the remainder of 1976 and the opening months of 1977, WAINWRIGHT continued preparations for another Mediterranean deployment.

On March 31, 1977, the cruiser departed Charleston for her third Sixth Fleet deployment. She arrived at Rota on April 12 and entered the Mediterranean the following day. During the deployment, WAINWRIGHT conducted antiair warfare exercises, antisubmarine warfare training, missile firings, and coordinated operations with American and allied naval forces. The schedule included numerous bilateral and multinational exercises intended to maintain interoperability among NATO naval units.

During June 1977, WAINWRIGHT entered the Black Sea for a second time. The transit placed the cruiser in waters where Soviet naval and air forces maintained close surveillance of foreign warships. Following completion of the Black Sea operations, WAINWRIGHT returned to the Mediterranean and continued Sixth Fleet assignments. The cruise also included port visits associated with maintenance, replenishment, and crew rest between operational periods. WAINWRIGHT completed her Mediterranean assignment at Rota during the opening days of October. She returned to Charleston on October 21, 1977.

During the remainder of the year, WAINWRIGHT conducted Atlantic Fleet operations and prepared for another shipyard period. In January 1978, the cruiser completed training in preparation for Readiness Exercise 1-78, which took place during February in the Florida and Caribbean operating areas. After completing the exercise, WAINWRIGHT returned to Charleston. On February 23, 1978, she entered Charleston Naval Shipyard for a scheduled thirteen-month overhaul. The availability included major repairs to the propulsion plant, maintenance of hull and auxiliary systems, and work on weapons, sensors, and electronic equipment. Captain R. P. McVoy relieved Captain Berry as commanding officer on July 7, 1978, while the cruiser was undergoing the overhaul. The shipyard period continued through the remainder of 1978 and ended in March 1979.

Following completion of the overhaul, WAINWRIGHT resumed sea trials, inspections, and refresher training. During the spring and summer of 1979, the cruiser returned to Atlantic Fleet operations, including exercises in the Caribbean and Atlantic. Her subsequent preparations included training for another overseas assignment with the Sixth Fleet.

During November 1979, WAINWRIGHT began another Mediterranean deployment. The deployment coincided with major political and military developments in the Middle East. The Iranian Revolution had removed Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi from power, and the seizure of the American Embassy in Tehran on November 4 had created a prolonged hostage crisis. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December further increased American concern about developments in Southwest Asia. WAINWRIGHT's documented deployment during this period was principally a Mediterranean assignment with the U.S. Sixth Fleet.

During the cruise, the cruiser conducted air-defense surveillance, antisubmarine warfare training, and exercises with American and allied naval units. Her duties included participation in the screening and defense of naval formations operating in Mediterranean waters. The deployment continued through the opening months of 1980 while American naval forces monitored developments in the Middle East and maintained their presence in the Mediterranean and surrounding regions. WAINWRIGHT completed the deployment during May 1980 and returned to Atlantic Fleet duties. Following post-deployment maintenance and training, the cruiser continued preparations for another overseas assignment. On June 20, 1980, Captain W. H. Peerenboom relieved Captain McVoy as commanding officer.

During the remainder of 1980, WAINWRIGHT conducted exercises, inspections, and maintenance from Charleston. In 1981, WAINWRIGHT undertook another Mediterranean deployment with the Sixth Fleet. The assignment involved air-defense operations, surface warfare training, antisubmarine exercises, and participation in multinational naval activities. During the deployment, WAINWRIGHT operated in a region where American and Soviet naval forces continued maintaining substantial surface and submarine formations. The cruiser supported the surveillance and defense requirements of assigned naval units while participating in exercises designed to maintain readiness for operations with NATO forces. After completing the Mediterranean assignment, WAINWRIGHT returned to the United States for maintenance and training.

On May 21, 1982, Captain R. D. Milligan relieved Captain Peerenboom as commanding officer. During 1982, WAINWRIGHT conducted another overseas deployment involving the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean. The cruise took place during a period of increasing international concern about developments in Lebanon following the Israeli invasion in June 1982 and continuing instability in the Persian Gulf region. American naval forces operated in the Mediterranean to support diplomatic and military contingency requirements, while other units maintained a presence in the Indian Ocean. WAINWRIGHT conducted training, surveillance, and fleet-defense assignments during her Mediterranean and Indian Ocean operations. The deployment included the transition between the Sixth Fleet operating area and waters associated with American naval operations in Southwest Asia. During the Indian Ocean portion, the cruiser continued air-defense and maritime surveillance duties with deployed naval forces. Following completion of the overseas assignment, WAINWRIGHT returned to Atlantic Fleet service.

During 1983, WAINWRIGHT underwent maintenance, conducted readiness inspections, and participated in exercises associated with continuing Atlantic Fleet commitments. The ship's training included missile-system evaluations, aircraft-control exercises, communications, antisubmarine warfare, and operations with other surface combatants. On August 20, 1983, Captain J. R. Dalrymple relieved Captain Milligan as commanding officer. During the remainder of 1983, WAINWRIGHT continued preparations for another Mediterranean deployment.

In 1984, WAINWRIGHT again operated with the U.S. Sixth Fleet. The deployment involved surveillance, carrier screening, air-defense training, and exercises with American and allied naval units. The international situation in the Mediterranean remained affected by the conflict in Lebanon and tensions between the United States and Libya over freedom of navigation in the Gulf of Sidra. WAINWRIGHT maintained assigned air-defense and surveillance responsibilities during the deployment and participated in training intended to improve coordination among naval surface units and aircraft. Following the overseas assignment, the cruiser returned to Charleston for post-deployment maintenance.

During the opening months of 1985, WAINWRIGHT conducted training and inspections in preparation for continued Atlantic Fleet service. On April 18, 1985, Captain G. A. Huchting relieved Captain Dalrymple as commanding officer. During the remainder of 1985, WAINWRIGHT participated in local and fleet exercises, weapons qualifications, and maintenance activities. The Navy was continuing to modernize the combat systems of older guided-missile cruisers during this period, including improvements intended to increase their effectiveness against modern aircraft and antiship missiles.

In 1986, WAINWRIGHT conducted another Mediterranean deployment, identified in the ship's cruise records as MED 2A-86. The deployment took place during increased military tensions between the United States and Libya. American aircraft carriers and supporting naval forces operated in the Mediterranean during a series of freedom-of-navigation exercises associated with Operation Attain Document. In March 1986, American aircraft and Libyan military forces exchanged fire during operations near the Gulf of Sidra. U.S. naval aircraft subsequently attacked Libyan patrol craft and military installations. During April, American naval aircraft also participated in Operation El Dorado Canyon, the strikes against targets in Libya conducted in response to terrorist attacks attributed to Libyan involvement. WAINWRIGHT's Mediterranean deployment occurred during this period of heightened Sixth Fleet readiness. The cruiser continued its assigned surveillance, training, and fleet-defense duties before returning to the United States.

During 1986 and 1987, WAINWRIGHT also underwent maintenance and improvements to her combat systems and defensive equipment. The work reflected the Navy's program of maintaining the capabilities of older missile cruisers as antiship missiles, electronic countermeasures, and increasingly sophisticated aircraft created new requirements for fleet air defense. The ship's later equipment included improved Standard missile fire-control capabilities, Harpoon antiship missiles, and Phalanx close-in weapon systems.

On April 25, 1987, Captain James F. Chandler relieved Captain Huchting as commanding officer. During the remainder of 1987, WAINWRIGHT prepared for another overseas deployment, this time involving operations in the Persian Gulf during the Iran-Iraq War.

The conflict had increasingly affected international shipping as Iranian and Iraqi forces attacked merchant vessels and oil tankers. In response to requests from Kuwait, the United States began Operation Earnest Will in July 1987, providing naval escorts for Kuwaiti tankers sailing under the American flag.

WAINWRIGHT departed Charleston during the latter part of 1987 for a deployment that extended into July 1988. During the Atlantic crossing and subsequent operations, the cruiser conducted tactical training and prepared for the air-defense and surface warfare requirements of the Persian Gulf. On January 19, 1988, WAINWRIGHT participated in a towing exercise with the guided-missile frigate USS SAMUEL B. ROBERTS (FFG 58) while the two ships were proceeding toward the Middle East. During the passage through the Mediterranean, WAINWRIGHT continued equipment checks and tactical preparations. On February 2, 1988, the cruiser transited the Suez Canal toward the Red Sea.

Following the canal passage, she proceeded toward the Arabian Sea and Persian Gulf. During February, WAINWRIGHT entered the Persian Gulf operating area and participated in operations associated with the protection of merchant shipping and American naval forces. The deployment required continuous surveillance of aircraft, small combatants, and other vessels operating near the shipping routes through the Strait of Hormuz. WAINWRIGHT's air-defense systems and communications facilities allowed her to coordinate tactical information with other American surface ships operating in the region. The cruiser also conducted replenishment, maintenance, and crew support activities at regional facilities, including the Sitra anchorage in Bahrain.

On February 28, 1988, WAINWRIGHT was photographed at the Sitra anchorage during a period of logistical support. During the following weeks, the cruiser maintained readiness for possible attacks by Iranian aircraft, patrol craft, and antiship missiles. On April 7, 1988, WAINWRIGHT was again at Sitra, Bahrain, between operational periods.

On April 14, the guided-missile frigate USS SAMUEL B. ROBERTS struck an Iranian naval mine in the Persian Gulf. The explosion caused major damage to the frigate, which remained afloat through the efforts of her crew. The incident intensified tensions between American and Iranian forces and led the United States to prepare a retaliatory naval operation. On April 18, 1988, WAINWRIGHT participated in Operation Praying Mantis, the American naval action against Iranian oil platforms and warships. The operation involved several American surface action groups and aircraft from the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier USS ENTERPRISE (CVN 65). WAINWRIGHT served as flagship of Surface Action Group Charlie, commanded by Captain James F. Chandler.

The group also included the guided-missile frigate USS SIMPSON (FFG 56) and the frigate USS BAGLEY (FF 1069). The group was assigned to attack the Iranian Sirri oil platform, which American authorities identified as a facility associated with Iranian military activities against shipping. After approaching the platform, the American ships issued warnings to its occupants and subsequently opened fire. The bombardment damaged the platform and caused fires that rendered the installation unusable for its previous military functions. Following the attack, Surface Action Group Charlie remained in the vicinity while other American forces continued operations against additional Iranian installations.

Later that morning, the American group detected an Iranian surface combatant approaching its operating area. A helicopter from USS BAGLEY identified the vessel as JOSHAN, an Iranian KAMAN-class missile patrol boat armed with a Harpoon antiship missile. WAINWRIGHT's commanding officer, Captain Chandler, directed the American formation during the confrontation. Repeated radio warnings were transmitted to JOSHAN, instructing the Iranian vessel to stop and abandon ship. The Iranian patrol boat continued approaching the American formation.

At approximately 12:15 p.m., JOSHAN launched a Harpoon antiship missile toward WAINWRIGHT. WAINWRIGHT responded with electronic countermeasures, chaff, and evasive maneuvers. The incoming missile passed approximately 100 feet along the cruiser's starboard side and struck the water without hitting an American ship. USS SIMPSON immediately responded by launching a Standard SM-1 missile against JOSHAN in the surface-to-surface mode. The missile struck the Iranian vessel, and a second missile from USS SIMPSON also hit the target. At approximately 12:26 p.m., WAINWRIGHT fired a Standard missile against JOSHAN, scoring another hit. The Iranian patrol boat sustained extensive damage to her superstructure and weapons systems. Further missile fire from USS SIMPSON followed as the American formation continued the engagement.

During the action, WAINWRIGHT also detected an approaching Iranian F-4 Phantom fighter aircraft. The cruiser fired two Standard SM-2 missiles against the aircraft. The first missile damaged the Iranian fighter, which nevertheless remained airborne. The second missile did not score a confirmed hit. The damaged F-4 withdrew toward Iran, and no aircraft destruction was confirmed. Following the air engagement, the three American surface combatants closed the damaged JOSHAN. The Iranian vessel was subsequently sunk after the combined missile and gunfire attacks.

During the remainder of Operation Praying Mantis, other American naval units engaged Iranian surface combatants and aircraft in the Persian Gulf. Aircraft from USS ENTERPRISE attacked the Iranian frigate SAHAND, which was eventually sunk. The operation also resulted in severe damage to the Iranian frigate SABALAN and the destruction or damage of several smaller Iranian craft.

WAINWRIGHT remained assigned to maritime security operations in the Persian Gulf following the engagement. On May 5, 1988, Admiral William J. Crowe Jr., Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, visited the cruiser. During the remainder of May, WAINWRIGHT continued operations and logistical activities in the region. On May 22, American congressional visitors were photographed aboard the ship during a visit to the deployed naval forces. In early June, WAINWRIGHT prepared to complete her Persian Gulf assignment.

On June 3, 1988, the cruiser operated in company with USS HALSEY (CG 23) and the destroyer USS JOHN HANCOCK (DD 981) during movements associated with the rotation of American naval forces in the region. Following completion of her operational duties, WAINWRIGHT departed the Persian Gulf and began her return voyage. On June 9, 1988, the cruiser was in Djibouti during the passage toward the Red Sea. She subsequently proceeded north through the Red Sea and transited the Suez Canal on June 14. On June 15, WAINWRIGHT conducted underway replenishment with the Military Sealift Command oiler USNS WACCAMAW (T-AO 109). The return voyage continued through the Mediterranean and Atlantic Ocean. WAINWRIGHT arrived at Charleston on July 9, 1988.

Following her return, the cruiser underwent post-deployment maintenance, engineering inspections, and combat systems evaluations. The ship subsequently resumed Atlantic Fleet training, including exercises involving missile systems, aircraft surveillance, and the coordination of surface warfare operations. During the opening months of 1989, WAINWRIGHT continued training and operational preparations for another Mediterranean deployment. On April 8, 1989, Captain A. W. Newlon Jr. relieved Captain Chandler as commanding officer. During the remainder of the spring and summer, the cruiser conducted exercises and preparations for operations with the U.S. Sixth Fleet.

In October 1989, WAINWRIGHT was assigned an additional command responsibility following an incident aboard the aircraft carrier USS FORRESTAL. On October 9, a fire broke out in a command-and-control cable trunk aboard the carrier while she was preparing for her next Mediterranean deployment. The fire caused extensive damage to electrical cables and associated shipboard systems, delaying the carrier's departure. On October 12, Commander, Carrier Group Six, temporarily shifted his flag and staff to WAINWRIGHT. The cruiser consequently provided command and communications facilities for the carrier group while USS FORRESTAL underwent repairs.

USS FORRESTAL subsequently departed the United States on November 3 and proceeded toward the Mediterranean. On November 12, 1989, after the carrier arrived in the Mediterranean, Commander, Carrier Group Six, transferred his flag back from WAINWRIGHT to USS FORRESTAL. WAINWRIGHT continued operating with American naval forces in the Mediterranean during the subsequent months.

The deployment took place as political changes in Eastern Europe accelerated and the Cold War approached its conclusion. The Berlin Wall was opened in November 1989, while American and Soviet leaders met at Malta in early December to discuss the changing international situation. During the Mediterranean deployment, WAINWRIGHT conducted surveillance, air-defense exercises, and tactical training associated with the assigned naval formation. The cruise continued into the opening months of 1990. Following completion of her Mediterranean assignment, WAINWRIGHT returned to the United States and began preparations for a major shipyard overhaul.

During the latter part of 1990, the cruiser entered Metro Machine Company's Imperial Docks facility in Norfolk, Virginia, for an extensive maintenance and overhaul period. The work involved repairs to machinery, hull structures, engineering systems, and shipboard equipment. The overhaul continued while the United States and its coalition partners assembled military forces in the Middle East following Iraq's invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990.

On January 17, 1991, the coalition began Operation Desert Storm, the military campaign intended to expel Iraqi forces from Kuwait. WAINWRIGHT remained undergoing shipyard work in Norfolk during the principal combat phase of the operation. On April 26, 1991, Captain J. M. Fahey relieved Captain Newlon as commanding officer. The overhaul continued through the following months. Contemporary Navy photographs dated June 29, 1991, show WAINWRIGHT undergoing repairs at Metro Machine Company's Imperial Docks in Norfolk. Additional photographs dated August 31 show the cruiser at the same facility following the approximately year-long overhaul. After completion of the major shipyard work, WAINWRIGHT resumed sea trials and inspections intended to verify the performance of the repaired equipment and engineering systems.

During the remainder of 1991, the cruiser conducted training and preparations for the restoration of full operational readiness. These activities included machinery evaluations, communications exercises, weapons-system checks, and tactical training in Atlantic operating areas. During the opening months of 1992, WAINWRIGHT continued training, inspections, and preparations for another Mediterranean deployment.

The international situation had changed following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991. American naval forces were increasingly engaged in regional security operations, multinational exercises, and missions associated with conflicts in the former Yugoslavia. During the summer and early autumn of 1992, WAINWRIGHT completed preparations for operations with the battle group centered on the aircraft carrier USS JOHN F. KENNEDY (CV 67). Other surface combatants assigned to the formation included the guided-missile cruisers USS GETTYSBURG (CG 64) and USS LEYTE GULF (CG 55), the destroyer USS CARON (DD 970), the guided-missile frigates USS HALYBURTON (FFG 40) and USS McINERNEY (FFG 8), and the frigate USS CAPODANNO (FF 1093).

The deployment began in October 1992 and included operations in the Mediterranean and Adriatic seas. After crossing the Atlantic, the battle group passed through the Strait of Gibraltar and assumed Sixth Fleet operational responsibilities. The deployment took place during the developing conflicts in the former Yugoslavia. The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina had created a severe humanitarian crisis, while the United Nations and NATO were introducing measures intended to restrict the movement of military supplies and support relief operations. WAINWRIGHT operated with the carrier battle group during exercises, surveillance assignments, and operations associated with the American naval presence in the Mediterranean.

The cruiser continued supporting the assigned surface formation as international efforts to monitor maritime activity and deliver humanitarian assistance to the Balkans developed. During the opening months of 1993, WAINWRIGHT remained in the Mediterranean. On February 8, 1993, WAINWRIGHT anchored at Trieste, Italy, together with USS JOHN F. KENNEDY. The two ships remained at Trieste until February 15, when they departed for the Adriatic Sea. The deployment continued while American and allied forces were supporting humanitarian operations associated with the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. On February 25, aircraft from USS JOHN F. KENNEDY began monitoring humanitarian airdrops associated with Operation Provide Promise. The operation involved the delivery of relief supplies to populations affected by the Bosnian conflict.

WAINWRIGHT remained among the American surface combatants assigned to the battle group during this period. The Mediterranean deployment continued into the spring of 1993 before the cruiser returned to the United States. Following her return, WAINWRIGHT resumed local operations and began preparations for withdrawal from active service. On February 9, 1993, Commander Derwood Curtis had relieved Captain Fahey as commanding officer. Curtis became WAINWRIGHT's final commanding officer.

During the remaining months of commissioned service, WAINWRIGHT conducted inspections, limited training, and maintenance associated with her forthcoming decommissioning. Personnel began removing or transferring weapons, electronic equipment, spare parts, ammunition, and other reusable materials. The ship's engineering and auxiliary systems were progressively prepared for inactive status, while remaining crew members completed administrative and technical requirements associated with the withdrawal of the cruiser from active service.

USS WAINWRIGHT was decommissioned at Charleston, South Carolina, on November 10, 1993, after almost twenty-eight years of commissioned service. She was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on the same date. The retirement formed part of the reduction and restructuring of the American surface combatant force following the end of the Cold War. Older guided-missile cruisers were being withdrawn as newer ships equipped with the Aegis combat system assumed an increasing share of the Navy's fleet air-defense responsibilities. Following decommissioning, the former cruiser was transferred to inactive storage at the Naval Inactive Ship Maintenance Facility in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. WAINWRIGHT remained in inactive status for several years while awaiting final disposition.

In 2002, the former cruiser was selected for use as a target vessel during a joint American-British naval weapons exercise in the Atlantic. Participating American naval units included the guided-missile cruiser USS SAN JACINTO (CG 56), the guided-missile destroyer USS MITSCHER (DDG 57), the destroyer USS BRISCOE (DD 977), and the guided-missile frigate USS HAWES (FFG 53). British naval forces participating in the weapons exercise included the frigate HMS RICHMOND and the nuclear-powered attack submarine HMS TIRELESS. On June 11, 2002, ex-WAINWRIGHT was struck by two Harpoon antiship missiles fired from HMS RICHMOND. The former cruiser remained afloat following the missile impacts. On June 12, HMS TIRELESS attacked the target with a Spearfish heavyweight torpedo. The torpedo struck ex-WAINWRIGHT and caused extensive structural damage, including the separation of the ship's bow. Further attacks by American aircraft followed as the participating forces evaluated the effects of different weapons against the target vessel. Ex-WAINWRIGHT was subsequently scuttled with explosive charges, completing the sinking exercise on June 12, 2002, in deep Atlantic waters near Puerto Rico.

WAINWRIGHT received four battle stars for Vietnam service.

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About the ship's name:

The USS Wainwright honored a total of five people. They were...

...Commander Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright:

Born in New York city 27 July 1821, Comdr. Wainwright was initially commissioned in the US Navy on 30 June 1837 and served with distinction in the Civil War. Wainwright commanded HARRIET LANE, Admiral David Dixon Porter's flagship, in an engagement at Forts Jackson and St. Philip and took part in operations below Vicksburg. He was killed in an attack upon Confederate forts in Galveston Harbor on 1 January 1863.



...Master Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright, Jr.:

Born in New York City 29 January 1849, Master Wainwright, the son of Comdr. Wainwright, graduated the Naval Academy in 1867. He was promoted to master on 21 March 1870, while attached to MOHICAN in the Pacific Squadron. Shortly thereafter, Wainwright was wounded during a boat expedition under his command against the piratical steamer, FORWARD, lying-to in a lagoon at San Blas, Mexico. Succumbing to the effects of his wounds, he died on board MOHICAN on 19 June 1870.



...Commander Richard Wainwright:

Born in Charelstown Mass in 1817, Comdr Richard Wainwright, a cousin of Comdr. Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright, was commissioned in the US Navy on 11 May 1831. Between 1841 and 1857, Wainwright served in the Coast Survey and on the Navy's Home Station. He cruised in MERRIMACK on special service from 1857 to 1860. Following the outbreak of the Civil War, Wainwright commanded HARTFORD, flagship of Admiral David G. Farragut's West Gulf Blockading Squadron. During the passage of forts below New Orleans on the night of 24 and 25 April 1861, he preformed gallant service in extinguishing a fire on HARTFORD while continuing the bombardment of the forts. Commended by Admiral Farragut for his actions, Wainwright later participated in the squadrons operations below Vicksburg until taken ill with fever. He died in New Orleans on 10 August 1862.



...Rear Admiral Richard Wainwright:

Born in Washington D.C. on 17 December 1849, Rear Admiral Richard Wainwright, the son of Comdr Richard Wainwright, was commissioned in the US Navy on 28 September 1864, Wainwright was Executive Officer of the battleship MAINE when she blew up in the harbor of Havana, Cuba, on 15 February 1898. Surviving the explosion he was assigned to command of the tender FERN and was in charge of the recovery of the bodies of the victims. He also assisted in the collection of information for the subsequent court inquiry. Wainwright later commanded the wooden gunboat GLOUCESTER at the battle of Santiago on 3 July 1898. In this engagement, GLOUCESTER sank one Spanish torpedo boat and drove another on the beach. Wainwright was commended for his valor in this engagement. Later, promoted to Rear Admiral, he commanded the Second Division of the United States Atlantic Fleet during the fleet's historic voyage around the world from 1907 to 1909. Retired from active duty on 7 December 1911, Admiral Wainwright died in Washington D.C., on 6 March 1926.



...Commander Richard Wainwright:

Born in Washington D.C. 15 September 1881, Comdr. Wainwright, the son of Admiral Wainwright, graduated from the Naval Academy in 1903, he served on board battleship LOUISIANA during the ships participation in the voyage of the Great White Fleet around the world from 1907 to 1909. Wainwright was awarded the Medal of Honor for his outstanding conduct in battle while commanding a landing force from battleship FLORIDA at Vera Cruz, Mexico, on 21 and 22 April 1914. He retired from the Navy on physical disability on 3 March 1921 and died at Annapolis, MD., on 28 March 1944.

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